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万物简史:PART II CH 4事物的测定(4)
牛顿登场了,正如我们给他起的中文名字那样牛老的确是牛人,比如,他提出的微积分理论至今仍影响我们的科学;另一方面,他也很牛,就是和耕牛一样低调,有了成果也默默无闻~~~ ❤《万物简史》推出部落节目版,戳这里订阅: 书本的朗读语音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好学着模仿哦~~~!! 因为原著为美国人所写,单词采用美式拼法,不抄全文,然后听写单词或词组(用[-No-]表示)以及句子(用[---No---]表示)。请边听写边理解文意,根据上下文注意各句标号,这样有助于提高正确率。 Hints: calculus Newton was a [-1-]odd figure—brilliant beyond measure, but solitary, joyless, prickly to the point of paranoia, famously [-2-](upon swinging his feet out of bed in the morning he would reportedly sometimes sit for hours, immobilized by the sudden rush of thoughts to his head), and capable of the most riveting strangeness. He built his own laboratory, the first at Cambridge, but then engaged in the most [-3-]experiments. Once he inserted a bodkin—a long needle of the sort used for sewing leather—into his eye socket and rubbed it around “betwixt my eye and the bone as near to [the] backside of my eye as I could” just to see what would happen. What happened, miraculously, was nothing—at least nothing lasting. [---4---] Again he escaped lasting damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes forgave him. Set atop these odd beliefs and quirky traits, however, was the mind of a supreme genius—though even when working in conventional channels he often showed a tendency to peculiarity. [---5---] [-6-], he did work in optics that [-7-]our understanding of light and laid the foundation for the science of spectroscopy, and again chose not to share the results for three decades. decidedly distracted bizarre On another occasion, he stared at the Sun for as long as he could bear, to determine what effect it would have upon his vision. As a student, frustrated by the limitations of conventional mathematics, he invented an entirely new form, the calculus, but then told no one about it for 27 years. In like manner transformed 牛顿绝对是个怪人--他聪明过人,而又离群索居,沉闷无趣,敏感多疑,注意力很不集中(据说,早晨他把脚伸出被窝以后,有时候突然之间思潮汹涌,会一动不动地坐上几个小时),干得出非常有趣的怪事。他建立了自己的实验室,也是剑桥大学的第一个实验室,但接着就从事异乎寻常的实验。有一次,他把一根大针眼缝针--一种用来缝皮革的长针--插进眼窝,然后在"眼睛和尽可能接近眼睛后部的骨头之间"揉来揉去,目的只是为了看看会有什么事发生。结果,说来也奇怪,什么事儿也没有--至少没有产生持久的后果。另一次,他瞪大眼睛望着太阳,能望多久就望多久,以便发现对他的视力有什么影响。他又一次没有受到严重的伤害,虽然他不得不在暗室里待了几天,等着眼睛恢复过来。 与他的非凡天才相比,这些奇异的信念和古怪的特点算不了什么--即使在以常规方法工作的时候,他也往往显得很特别。在学生时代,他觉得普通数学局限性很大,十分失望,便发明了一种崭新的形式--微积分,但有27年时间对谁也没有说起过这件事。他以同样的方式在光学领域工作,改变了我们对光的理解,为光谱学奠定了基础,但还是过了30年才把成果与别人分享。 这篇材料你能听出多少?点击这里做听写,提高外语水平>>
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万物简史:PART II CH 4事物的测定(7)
活在赞扬声和荣誉堆里,尤其成了英国因科学成就而被封为爵士的第一人。连伟大的德国数学家戈特弗里德•莱布尼兹也认为,他对数学的贡献比得上在他之前的所有成就的总和,尽管在谁先发明微积分的问题上,牛顿曾跟他进行过长期而又激烈的斗争。"没有任何凡人比牛顿本人更接近神。"哈雷深有感触地写道。他的同时代人以及此后的许多别人对此一直怀有同感。 《原理》一直被称为"最难看懂的书之一"(牛顿故意把书写得很难,那样就不会被他所谓的数学"门外汉"纠缠不休),但对看得懂的人来说,它是一盏明灯。它不仅从数学的角度解释了天体的轨道,而且指万有引力~~~ ❤《万物简史出了使天体运行的引力--万有引力。突然之间,宇宙里的每种运动都说得通了。 这篇材料你能听出多少?点击这里做听写,提高外语水平>>
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万物简史:PART II CH 6势不两立的科学(8)
记下内容,然后自己回头组织语句,最后校对,不要逐字逐句听写) Hints: the Connecticut River Valley New England Plinus Moody South Hadley ledge Massachusetts shrub So by the early years of the 19th century, fossils had taken on a certain [-1-] importance, which makes Wistar's failure to see the significance of his dinosaur bone [-2-] . Suddenly, in any case, bones were turning up all over. Several other opportunities [-3-] Americans to claim the discovery of dinosaurs but all were wasted. In 1806 the Lewis and Clark expedition passed through the Hell Creek formation in Montana, an area where fossil hunters would later [-4-] trip over dinosaur bones, and even examined what was clearly a dinosaur bone embedded in rock, but failed to make anything of it. [---5---] Some of these at least survive—notably the bones of an Anchisaurus, which are in the collection of the Peabody Museum at Yale. [---6---] In that same year, 1818, Caspar Wistar died, but he did gain a certain unexpected [-7-] when a botanist named Thomas Nuttall [-8-]. Some botanical purists still insist on spelling it wisteria. inescapable all the more unfortunate arose for literally Other bones and fossilized footprints were found in the Connecticut River Valley of New England after a farm boy named Plinus Moody spied ancient tracks on a rock ledge at South Hadley, Massachusetts. Found in 1818, they were the first dinosaur bones to be examined and saved, but unfortunately weren't recognized for what they were until 1855. immortality named a delightful climbing shrub after him 因此,到19世纪初,化石势必具有了某种重要性。威斯塔就显得更
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万物简史:PART II CH 5敲石头的人们(7)
住了他们的注意力--这是任何科学以前没有过,或许将来也不会有的情况。1839年,罗德里克•默奇森出版了《志留纪体系》,一本又厚又重的书,研究一种名叫杂砂岩的岩石。它顿时成为一本畅销书,很快出了4版,虽然一册要
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万物简史:PART II CH 4事物的测定(24)
只是其中的一部分。据科学史家J.G.克劳瑟说,他还预见了"开尔文和G.H.达尔文关于潮汐摩擦对减慢地球自转速度的作用的成果、拉摩尔关于局部大气变冷的作用的发现(发表于1915年)......皮克林关于冷冻混合物的成就以及罗斯布姆关于异质平衡的某些成果"。最后,他还留下线索,直接导致一组名叫惰性气体的元素的发现。其中有几种是极难获得的,最后一种直到1962年才被发现。不过,我们现在的兴趣是卡文迪许所做的最后一次著名的试验。1797年夏末,67岁高龄的他把注意力转向约翰•米歇尔显然只是出于科万物学上的敬意留给他的几箱子设备。 这篇材料你能听出多少?点击这里做听写,提高外语水平>>
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万物简史:PART II CH 5敲石头的人们(8)
国庆放假,内容很少,大家坚持做完今天的就歇着吧~~~ ❤《万物简史》推出部落节目版,戳这里订阅: 书本的朗读语音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好学着模仿哦~~~!! 因为原著为美国人所写,单词采用美式拼法,不抄全文,然后听写单词或词组(用[-No-]表示)以及句子(用[---No---]表示)。请边听写边理解文意,根据上下文注意各句标号,这样有助于提高正确率。 Throughout the modern, thinking world, but especially in Britain, men
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万物简史:PART II CH 4事物的测定(6)
指望从牛顿那里得到什么帮助,我们只能猜测。但是,多亏一位牛顿的密友--亚伯拉罕•棣莫佛后来写的一篇叙述,我们才有了一篇有关科学界一次最有历史意义的会见的记录: 1684年,哈雷博士来剑桥拜访。他们在一起待了一会儿以后,博士问他,要是太阳的引力与行星离太阳距离的平方成反比,他认为行星运行的曲线会是什么样的。 这里提到的是一个数学问题,名叫平方反比律。哈雷坚信,这是解释问题的关键,虽然他对其中的奥妙没有把握。 艾萨克•牛顿马上回答说,会是一个椭圆。博士又高兴又惊讶,问他是怎么知道的。"哎呀,"他说,"我已经计算过。"接着,哈雷博士马上要他的计算材料。艾萨克爵士在材料堆里翻了一会儿,但是找不着。 这是很令人吃惊的--犹如有人说他已经找到了治愈癌症的方法,但又记不清处方放在哪里了。在哈雷的敦促之下,牛顿答应再算一遍,便拿出了一张纸。他按诺言做了,但做得要多得多。有两年时间,他闭门不出,精心思 这篇材料你能听出多少?点击这里做听写,提高外语水平>>
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万物简史:PART II CH 6势不两立的科学(1)
面的TIPS训练听写。这样可以提高听力准确度,并为训练听译打下基础哦~~~ TIPS听写训练点:单词拼写,时态,单复数,连读,长难句(请边听边用符号先记下内容,然后自己回头组织语句,最后校对,不要逐字逐句听写) Hints: Wistar cautious uninspired whopper 6 SCIENCE RED IN TOOTH AND CLAW IN 1787, SOMEONE in New Jersey—[-1-]—found an [-2-] thighbone sticking out of a stream bank at a place called Woodbury Creek. The bone clearly didn't belong to any species of creature still alive, certainly not in New Jersey. [-3-] , it is thought to have belonged to a hadrosaur, a large duck-billed dinosaur. At the time, dinosaurs were unknown. The bone was sent to Dr. Caspar Wistar, the nation's [-4-] anatomist, who described it at a meeting of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia that autumn. [---5---] He thus missed the chance, [-6-], to be the discoverer of dinosaurs. Indeed, the bone [-7-] so little interest that it was put in a storeroom and eventually disappeared [-8-] . So the first dinosaur bone ever found was also the first to be lost. exactly who now seems to be forgotten enormous From what little is known now leading Unfortunately, Wistar failed completely to recognize the bone's significance and merely made a few cautious and uninspired remarks to the effect that it was indeed a whopper. half a century ahead of anyone else excited altogether 第六章 势不两立的科学 1787年,新泽西州有个人--到底是谁,如今似乎已被忘却--在伍德伯里溪发现一根巨大的大腿骨戳出一处岸边。那根骨头显然不属于尚存的任何物种,也肯定不是新泽西州的。根据现在掌握的一点情况,人们认为它属于一只鸭嘴龙,那是一种长着鸭嘴的大恐龙。当时,人们还没有听说过恐龙。 骨头被送交给当时美国最杰出的解剖学家卡斯帕•威斯塔博士。同年秋天,他在费城召开的美国哲学学会的一次会议上作了描述。威斯塔没有完全认识到这根骨头的重要意义,只是小心翼翼地讲了几句不痛不痒的话,大意是,它真是个庞然大物。他就这样错过了先于别人半个世纪发现恐龙的机会。实际上,这根骨头没有引起多大兴趣,后来被放在贮藏室里,最后彻底不见了。因此,历史上第一根被发现的恐龙骨头,也是第一根被丢失的恐龙骨头。 这篇材料你能听出多少?点击这里做听写,提高外语水平>>
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万物简史:PART II CH 7基本物质(8)
上了西天。恐怖统治很快结束了。 他去世100年以后,一座拉瓦锡的雕像在巴黎落成,受到很多人的瞻仰,直到有人指出它看上去根本不像他。在盘问之下,雕刻师承认,他用了数学家和哲学家孔多塞的头像--他显然备了一个--希望谁也不会注意到,或者即使注意到也不会在乎。他的后一种想法是正确的。拉瓦锡兼孔多塞的雕像被准许留在原地,又留了半个世纪,直到第二次世界大战爆发。一天早晨,有人把它取走,当做废铁熔化了。 这篇材料你能听出多少?点击这里做听写,提高外语水平>>
