记下内容，然后自己回头组织语句，最后校对，不要逐字逐句听写） Hints: conscription Zurich Polytechnic Institute churn four-year Planck's quantum Einstein was born in Ulm, in southern Germany, in 1879, but grew up in Munich. [---1---] Famously he didn't learn to speak until he was three. In the 1890s, his father's electrical business failing, the family moved to Milan, but Albert, [-2-], went to Switzerland to continue his education—though he failed his [-3-] on the first try. [---4---] He was a bright but not outstanding student. In 1900 he graduated and within a few months was beginning to contribute papers to Annalen der Physik. [---5---] From 1902 to 1904 he produced a series of papers on [-6-] mechanics only to discover that the quietly [-7-] J. Willard Gibbs in Connecticut had done that work as well, in his Elementary Principles of Statistical Mechanics of 1901. Little in his early life suggested the greatness to come. by now a teenager college entrance exams In 1896 he gave up his German citizenship to avoid military conscription and entered the Zurich Polytechnic Institute on a four-year course designed to churn out high school science teachers. His very first paper, on the physics of fluids in drinking straws of all things, appeared in the same issue as Planck's quantum theory. statistical productive 爱因斯坦1879年生于德国南部的乌尔姆，但在慕尼黑长大。他的早年生活几乎难以说明他将来会成为大人物。大家都知道，他到三岁才学会说话。19世纪90年代，他父亲的电器生意破产，举家迁往米兰，但这时候已经十来岁的阿尔伯特去了瑞士继续他的学业--虽然他一开始就没有通过大学入学考试。1896年，他放弃了德国籍，以免被征入伍，进入了苏黎世联邦工业大学，攻读旨在培养中学教师的四年制课程。他是一名聪明而又不突出的学生。 　　1900年，他从学校毕业，没过几个月就开始把论文投给《物理学年鉴》。他的第一篇论文论述（在那么多可写的东西中偏偏论述）吸管里流体的物理学，与普朗克的量子理论发表在同一期上。从1902年到1904年，他写出了一系列关于统计力学的论文，结果发现，多产的J.威拉德•吉布斯1901年在康涅狄格州已经悄悄地发表了同样的作品：《统计力学的基本原理》。 这篇材料你能听出多少？点击这里做听写，提高外语水平>>

优美、最系统的图表。"罗伯特•E.克雷布斯在《我们地球上的化学元素：历史与应用》一书中写道--实际上，你在每一部化学史里都可以看到类似的评价。 今天，已知的元素有"120种左右"--92种是天然存在的，还有20多种是实验室里制造出来的。实际的数目稍有争议，那些合成的重元素只能存在百万分之几秒，是不是真的测

用了一种稍稍不同的方法，把每七个元素分成一组，但使用了完全相同的前提。突然之间，这方法似乎很出色，视角很清晰。由于那些特点周期性地重复出现，所以这项发明就被叫做"周期表"。 　　据说，门捷列夫是从北美洲的单人牌戏获得了灵感，从别处获得了耐心。在那种牌戏里，纸牌按花色排成横列，按点数排成纵行。他利用一种十分相似的概念，把横列叫做周期，纵行叫做族。上下看，马上可以看出一组关系；左右看，看出另一组关系。具体来说，纵列把性质类似的元素放在一起。因此，铜的位置在银的上面，银的位置在金的上面，因为它们都具有金属的化学亲和性；而氦、氖和氩处于同一纵行，因为它们都是气体。（决定排列顺序的，实际上是它们的电子价。若要搞懂电子价，你非得去报名上夜校。）与此同时，元素按照它们核里的质子数--叫做原子序数--从少到多地排成横列。 这篇材料你能听出多少？点击这里做听写，提高外语水平>>

书上已经搞不清究

记下内容，然后自己回头组织语句，最后校对，不要逐字逐句听写） Hints: belemnite Chaning Pearce Geological Society Royal Medal tarnish Hunterian Professor Huxley Royal College of Surgeons By this stage, however, Owen's transgressions were beginning to catch up with him. His undoing began when a committee of the Royal Society—a committee of which he happened to be chairman—decided to award him its highest honor, the Royal Medal, for a paper he had written on an [-1-] mollusc called the belemnite. "However," as Deborah Cadbury notes in her excellent history of the period, Terrible Lizard, "this piece of work was not quite as original as it appeared." [---2---] Owen had been at that meeting, but failed to mention this when he [-3-] to the Royal Society—in which, not [-4-] , he rechristened the creature Belemnites owenii in his own honor. [---5---] Eventually Huxley managed to do to Owen what Owen had done to so many others: he [-6-] the councils of the Zoological and Royal societies. [---7---] extinct The belemnite, it turned out, had been discovered four years earlier by an amateur naturalist named Chaning Pearce, and the discovery had been fully reported at a meeting of the Geological Society. presented a report of his own incidentally Although Owen was allowed to keep the Royal Medal, the episode left a permanent tarnish on his reputation, even among his few remaining supporters. had him voted off As a final insult Huxley became the new Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons. 不过，到这个时候，欧文的坏事快干到头了。他的垮台之日到来了。英国皇家学会的一个委员会--欧文恰好是该委员会的主席--决定授予他最高的荣誉：英国皇家勋章，表彰他写的一篇关于一种名叫箭石的、已经绝种的软体动物的论文。"然而，"德博拉•卡德伯里在《可怕的蜥蜴》里对那段历史有绝好的记述，"这项成就并不像看起来那么有创意。"结果发现，箭石已经于4年前由一位名叫查宁•皮尔斯的业余博物学家发现，而且在地质学会的一次会议上已经充分发表。欧文出席了那次会议，但他向皇家学会提交自己的报告的时候没有提及这个情况。在那份报告里，他把那种动物重新命名为"欧文的软体动物"以纪念他自己，这不是偶然的。尽管欧文被允许保留英国皇家勋章，但这件事使得他永远名声扫地，即使在他剩下的为数不多的支持者中间也同样如此。 最后，赫胥黎以其人之道还治其人之身：他通过投票使欧文在动物学会和皇家学会的许多委员会里落选。最后，赫胥黎成为英国皇家外科学院亨特博物馆的新一任教授，结束了对欧文的惩罚。 这篇材料你能听出多少？点击这里做听写，提高外语水平>>

起了奥地利人埃尔文•薛定谔的注意。他巧妙地做了一些提炼，设计了一种容易理解的理论，名叫波动力学。几乎同时，德国物理学家维尔纳•海森伯提

转着的叶片，想要同时填满轨道上的每一空间。（但有个重要的不同之处，那就是，电扇叶片只是好像同时在每个地方，电子真的就同时在每个地方。） 不用说，在1910年，或在此后的许多年里，知道这类知识的人为数甚少。卢瑟福的发现马上产

生了一个空缺。柯普希望填补这个空缺。这是一个古怪而又没有价值的愿望，但谁也想不出理

原子学说存在争议，尤其是德语国家。科学家波尔兹曼是该学说的狂热拥护者，据说争议是他自杀的原因之一。证明学说正身的本有可能是爱因斯坦，但是他却投身于广义相对论的研究。而真正研究此学说的英雄科学家是欧内斯特•卢瑟福~~~~ ❤《万物简史》推出部落节目版，戳这里订阅: 文中需听写单词或词组用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。请边听写边理解文意，这样可以提高听力准确度，并为训练听译打下基础哦~~~ Hints: German-speaking Einstein For a century after Dalton made his proposal, it remained entirely hypothetical, and a few eminent scientists—notably the Viennese physicist Ernst Mach, [-1-]—doubted the existence of atoms at all. "Atoms cannot be [-2-] by the senses . . . they are things of thought," he wrote. [---3---] that it was said to have played a part in the [-4-] of the great theoretical physicist, and atomic enthusiast, Ludwig Boltzmann in 1906. It was Einstein who provided the first incontrovertible evidence of atoms' existence with his paper on Brownian motion in 1905, [---5---] So the first real hero of the atomic age, if not the first personage on the scene, was Ernest Rutherford. Rutherford was born in 1871 in the "back blocks" of New Zealand to parents who had [-6-] from Scotland to raise a little flax and a lot of children (to paraphrase Steven Weinberg). [---7---] but in 1895 he won a scholarship that took him to the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, [---8---] for whom is named the speed of sound perceived The existence of atoms was so doubtfully held in the German-speaking world in particular suicide but this attracted little attention and in any case Einstein was soon to become consumed with his work on general relativity. emigrated Growing up in a remote part of a remote country, he was about as far from the mainstream of science as it was possible to be, which was about to become the hottest place in the world to do physics. 在道尔顿提出他的见解以后的一个世纪时间里，它仍然完全是一种假说。一些杰出的科学家--尤其是奥地利物理学家恩斯特•马赫，声速单位就是以他的名字命名的--还压根儿怀疑原子是不是存在。"原子看不见摸不着......它们是脑子想像出来的东西。"他写道。尤其在德语世界，人们就是以这种怀疑目光来看待原子的存在。据说，这也是导致伟大的理论物理学家和原子的热心支持者路德维希•玻尔茨曼自杀的原因之一。 是爱因斯坦在1905年以那篇论布朗运动的论文首次提出了无可争议的证据，证明原子的存在，但没有引起多大注意。无论如何，爱因斯坦很快就忙于广义相对论的研究。因此，原子时代的第一位真正的英雄是欧内斯特•卢瑟福，如果他不是当时涌现出来的第一人的话。 卢瑟福1871年生于新西兰的"内陆地区"。用斯蒂芬•温伯格的话来说，他的父母为了种植一点亚麻、抚养一大堆孩子，从苏格兰移居到新西兰。他在一个遥远国度的遥远地区长大，离科学的主流也同样很遥远。但是，1895年，他获得了一项奖学金，从而有机会来到剑桥大学的卡文迪许实验室。这里快要成为世界上搞物理学的最热门的地方。 这篇材料你能听出多少？点击这里做听写，提高外语水平>>

斯莱弗第一个注意到光的这种作用，意识到这对将来理解宇宙的运动十分重要。不幸的是，谁也没有太多注意他。荣誉反而属于一个非常自负的大人物，他的名字叫埃德温•哈勃。他是个有实力、有天赋的运动员，魅力十足，时髦潇洒，相貌堂堂——用威廉•H.克罗珀的话来说，"英俊到了不适当的程度"；用另一位崇拜者的话来说，"美得像美神阿多尼斯" ~~~ ❤《万物简史》推出部落节目版，戳这里订阅: 文中需听写单词或词组用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。请边听写边理解文意，这样可以提高听力准确度，并为训练听译打下基础哦~~~ Hints: The Lowell Observatory Percival Lowell Martian ego endowment world-champion bout Slipher was the first to notice this effect with light and to realize its potential importance for understanding the motions of the cosmos. Unfortunately no one much noticed him. [---1---] Slipher was unaware of Einstein's theory of relativity, and the world was equally unaware of Slipher. So his finding had no impact. Glory instead would pass to [-2-] named Edwin Hubble. Hubble was born in 1889, ten years after Einstein, in a small Missouri town on the edge of the Ozarks and grew up there and in Wheaton, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. His father was a successful insurance executive, so life was always comfortable, and Edwin [-3-], too. He was a strong and gifted athlete, charming, smart, and [-4-] good-looking—"handsome almost to a fault," in the description of William H. Cropper, "an Adonis" in the words of another [-5-] . According to his own accounts, he also managed to fit into his life more or less constant acts of valor—[---6---] It all seemed too good to be true. It was. For all his gifts, Hubble was also an inveterate liar. The Lowell Observatory, as you will recall, was a bit of an oddity thanks to Percival Lowell's obsession with Martian canals, which in the 1910s made it, in every sense, an outpost of astronomical endeavor. a large mass of ego enjoyed a wealth of physical endowments immensely admirer rescuing drowning swimmers, leading frightened men to safety across the battlefields of France, embarrassing world-champion boxers with knockdown punches in exhibition bouts. 斯莱弗第一个注意到光的这种作用，意识到这对将来理解宇宙的运动十分重要。不幸的是，谁也没有太多注意他。你会记得，珀西瓦尔•洛厄尔在这里潜心研究过火星上的运河，因此洛厄尔天文台是个比较独特的地方。到了20世纪的前10年，它在任何意义上都成了研究天文的前哨阵地。斯莱弗不知道爱因斯坦的相对论，世界也同样不知道斯莱弗，因此，他的发现没有影响。 　　荣誉反而属于一个非常自负的大人物，他的名字叫埃德温•哈勃。哈勃1889年生于欧扎克高原边缘的一个密苏里州小镇，比爱因斯坦小10岁；他在那里及芝加哥郊区伊利诺伊的惠顿长大。他的父亲是一名成功的保险公司经理，因此家里的生活总是很优裕。埃德温还天生有个好的身体。他是个有实力、有天赋的运动员，魅力十足，时髦潇洒，相貌堂堂--用威廉•H.克罗珀的话来说，"英俊到了不适当的程度"；用另一位崇拜者的话来说，"美得像美神阿多尼斯"。用他自己的话来说，他生活中还经常干一些见义勇为的事--抢救落水的人；领着吓坏了的人穿越法国战场，把他们带到安全的地方；在表演赛中几下子就把世界冠军级的拳击手打倒在地，弄得他们不胜难堪。这一切都好得简直令人难以置信，但都是真的。尽管才华出众，但哈勃也是个顽固不化的说谎大王。 这篇材料你能听出多少？点击这里做听写，提高外语水平>>