来了新东方考研英语名师胡艳彬来跟大家讲解，虚拟语气的本旨内涵，虚拟语气的虚拟在哪里，如何理解虚拟语气而不只是靠死记硬背。 讲师介绍：胡艳彬 英语语言文学硕士，翻译方向，专业英语八级，杭州新东方考研英语名师，浙江大学雅思，托福，SAT主讲教师。 想提前一周知道最精彩的公开课安排吗？那就来订阅沪江CCTalk电子报吧!电子报的订阅入口>>> 本次课程完全免费，您需语大厅 主讲老师: 胡艳彬(点击关注胡艳彬_Albin的部落主页) 主持人: vivcat 虚拟语气要做的就是：下载沪江全新语音学习软件--CCtalk>>点击下载 请注意！参与本活动须使用沪江全新语音学习软件CCTalk，使用指南如下： 1. 注册沪江网获得用户名（已是沪江用户的不必注册）； 2. 点击网址http://class.hujiang.com/zt/cctalk下载CCtalk软件； 3. 软件安装结束后，输入沪江网的用户名和密码登陆CCtalk； 4. 点击下图中用红圈标注的“语音教室”； 5. 找到“英语大厅”位置，点击进入； 6. 讲座期间进入英语大厅后，如果想发言，请点击下图中的“举手”（橘色按钮），被主持人选中后就可以发言。说话的时候可以看到麦克进度条在随麦克声音发生变化，别人说话也可以看到耳机或扬声器的进度条在变化。 正在英语语法中苦苦煎熬的同学，因为不懂语法甚至有些不喜欢学习英语的同学，快来预约吧：新东方名师教你学会虚拟语气

虚拟语气 11) It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). 12) _______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey. 13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了). 14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就会湿的). 15) _______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now. 16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了). 17) But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). 18) I used my calculator; _______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题). 19) Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). 20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了). 21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险). 22) He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿). 参考答案 11) everyone (should) be prepared for emergency 考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等　　 12) If he had booked tickets in the way I told him 考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反 13) if I had not been interrupted 考点：同上 14) If it had rained, the ground would be wet 考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式 15) If I had been living in New York 考点：同上 16) he would be dead now 考点：同上 17) we could not have rented a house at such a low price 考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语 18) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question 考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语 19) I would seize the opportunity without hesitation 考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件 20) this act would have been passed much earlier 考点：同上 21) the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy 考点：同上 22) lest he should awaken the baby 考点：lest (以免)引导的从句通虚拟语气常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟 更多节目请进入2010年12月CET6备考小组

常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式 9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled 　　考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通虚拟语气常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式 　　[表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等] 10) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining 　　考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等 更多节目请进入2010年12月CET6备考小组

别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较： If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果) If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能) If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力) 2. 对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用直陈语气或祈使语气： If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使语气） If I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。今天，小编就来给大家讲解一下虚拟到他，我就告诉他。（直陈语气）   怎么样，看完了这篇小编精心为大家准备的文章，有没有感觉收获满满呢？喜欢就赶快收藏起来吧~

过去完成时。 7. 条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用虚拟语气过去完成时。 8. would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。 9. 在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。 10. had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式，因此主句要用would have done。 （来自四级答案真题网）

过去完成时表示过去。又如： I'd rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。 I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。 I'd rather he hadn't told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。 请再做以下试题（答案均为B）： （1）"Shall I come tomorrow?" "I'd rather you ______." A. won't B. didn't C. don't D. wouldn't （2）"I've told him about it." "But I'd rather you ______." A. didn't B. hadn't C. don't D. wouldn't （3）"He will take you as well." "But I'd rather he ______." A. won't B. didn't C. doesn't D. wouldn't 5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once. A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案选 后的从句谓语有时用"should+动词原形"这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选C最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）： （1）The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital. A. wasn't, wasn't sent B. wasn't, shouldn't be sent C. shouldn't be, wasn't sent D. shouldn't be, shouldn't be sent （2）The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free. A. should do, should be B. had done, should be C. had done, had been D. should do, had been （3）I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then. A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel 6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up 【陷阱】容易误选 D. 【分析】正确答案应选B.之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如： Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down. = If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。 Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion. = If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。

用功读书了。 不难发现，It’s (high) time…句型中，从句中的谓语动词也常常用过去式，构成虚拟语气表将来，意思是“该做某事的时候到了”。 而几乎每个女孩子都会遇到两个问题：一是每次买完衣服后，都发现衣橱里已经快塞不下了~二是买了的衣服发现总有那么几件是自己永远都不会穿的~ a) I didn’t need to buy those clothes. 我不需要买那些衣服的。 b) I needn’t have bought that blouse. 我本不该买那件衬衫的。（穿都没穿过~） 上面的句子中都出现了need，但用法不同 a句中的need作实义动词，表示“需要”。否定形式前需加助动词 b句中的need作情态动词，needn’t have done表示“本不需要做某事”，用在虚拟语气中。 虚拟语气博大精深，这节课就给大家介绍以上几类特殊虚拟句型。

语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如： If he had been in that train then, he might have been killed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上，他可能就死于那场车祸了。 (3) 与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或纯假想的情况，可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想。虚拟语气会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)

也许给了你很多帮助，尽管她很忙。 (3) would have done：would用于过去将来时，表示动作的趋向，这个结构表示“本来会做某事”。 I would have went to the hospital, but I felt much better. 我本来会去医院的，但我感觉舒服多了。 (4) need have done: 本来需要做某事而没做，它还有否定形式needn’t have done，表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 I need have finished all the task, but he came and helped me. 我本来需要完成所有的任务，但他过来帮我了。 You needn’t cooked so much, only five people came. 你本不需要做那么多菜，只有五个人来吃饭。 (5) should have done: 最后我们再来呼应一下开头，表示“本应该做而没做”，常常是你妈责备你的时候。同样也有shouldn’t have done，表示“本不应该做某事而做了”。 Tom, you are too lazy. You should have finished your homework yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒啦。你应该昨天就完成作业的。 I shouldn’t have been angry at him. He had no fault. 我不该对他生气的。他没有错。 关于情态动词表虚拟的用法就这么多，都是对于过去的虚拟。就是“XX+ have done”具体的意思就根据XX去联想啦！

雅思写作中，正确的使用多样化的句式有利于写作获取高分。在这些句式中，虚拟语气的使用是个具有挑战性的语法点，熟练使用虚拟语气可以使作文句式呈现层次性。 　　1.If sb had done sth(坏事), sb would never have done sth(好事). 　　如果某人过去做了某事(坏事)，那么他永远不可能做某事 　　If Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in quarry (采石场), had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become