在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。 例如： He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.（有一个表示一段时间的状语） She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 不过这个时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去： 例如： She came back at six. She had been waiting for him three hours.（六点时她已经没有再等了） 而过去完成时（The Past Perfect Tense）表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。 例如： I had finished reading the book by ten o'clock last night到昨晚10点钟，我已经读过去完成进行时完了这本书。 要想完全掌握这两种时态，需得经过大量的练习，读完这篇文章，请同学们赶紧拿起笔来，多多练习，争取能正确合理地使用这两种时态！

过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作， 即"过去的过去需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office. 专项练习题： 汉译英 1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？ 2.到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。 3.十点钟前，我们到达了车站。 4.在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。 5.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。 6.昨天找看见李平了。自从我们离开北京，就一直没有见面。 7.我昨天没有给魏华那本书，因为她已经为

由 had 加动词的过去分词构成。 　　例句： 　　She said she had never been to Paris. 她说她从未去过巴黎。 　　When the police arrived,the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 　　By the time he was twelve,Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。   She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.  3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间

过去完成时。 The said the production costs had been reduced. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. （3）根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时 （1）常用过去完成时的几种情况： ①by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. He did what he had been told to 另：当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 When he arrived, he called her. They locked the door before they left.

行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如： Have you been meeting her lately？（a） Have you met her lately？（b） （a）句有“经常相会”之意，（b）句则没有。（b）句如与often，every day等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。 （5）现在完成进完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直 叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如： What have you been doing？（a） What have you done？（b） （a）句表示惊异。（b）句只是一个问题。 Have you been waiting long？（a） Have you waited long？（b） （a）句较（b）句生动。又，（a）句比较口语化。 I have been wanting to meet you for long．（a） I have long wanted to meet you．（b） （a）句比（b）句更亲切，更有礼貌。 Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly．（a） Recently Mary has done her work regularly．（b） （a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。（b）只说明一个事实。 下面还有一例，颇为有趣: Who's been eating my apples？（a） Who's eaten my apples？（b） （a）句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，（b）句只是希望回答的一个问题。又，（a）句兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未 被全部吃光”的意思，（b）句是完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了”。 

行时。[/cn]• I realised I had been working too hard so I decided to have a holiday. • By the time Jane arrived we had been waiting for 3 hours. [en]NOTE[/en][cn]备注[/cn] [en]The most common mistake with the past perfect is to overuse it or to use it simply because we are talking about a time in the distant past.[/en][cn] 最常见的过度使用过去完成时的错误，就是仅仅是用它形容遥远的过去的时间。[/cn]• The Romans had spoken Latin[en]Remember that we only use the past perfect when we want to refer to a past that is earlier than another time in the narrative.[/en][cn]请记住，我们用过去过去完成时只是用它来特指一个早于叙述的过去某时间的时间。[/cn]

过去完成进行时作过。 He had worked before he decided to go to college. 3.我写这篇有关爱尔兰的小说以前，曾去过爱尔兰。 I had been to Ireland before I wrote this book about Ireland's people. 4.我在上大学以前，已经学过微积分。 I had studied calculus before I got into college. 5. 周一以前，已经下过雪了。 It had already snowed before Monday. 三、如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性，我们可以用过去完成进行式。过去完成进行时和过去完成时惟一不同的地方是 had done 的地方一定要用had been doing 。以下是一些过去完成进行式的例子： 1. I had been watching TV before you called me. 2. I had been

过去完成时是考试中必不少的题型，想知道你学得怎么样？想了解你掌握得是否踏实，快来测测吧。

过去完成时是考试中必不少的题型，想知道你学得怎么样？想了解你掌握得是否踏实，快来测测吧。