Use of English) 　　分析：该句是复合句，其中a belief与that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语关系，形容词短语large enough to be...作定语修饰states。 　　译文：他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家，大到经济上可运行良好，并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。 　　（二）表示方向、地点的状语等词置于句首 　　here，there，up，down，away，in，out，off等位于句首时，往往主谓倒装。 　　例句：Here

英语语法中很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。小编为大家整英语语法中很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。小编为大家整理了非谓语动词置于句首的倒装的几种常见用法，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。我们现在就来看看几个例子，例如： 1.现在分词置于句首时引出的倒装 1）Lying on the couch is an old lady. 躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。 2）Leading to the park is a very delightful road. 通向公园去的是一条非常宜人的路。 3）Standing beside the table was his sister. 站在桌旁的是他的妹妹。 4）Speaking in the office was her manager. 在办公室讲话的是她的领导。 2. 过去分词置于句首时引出的倒装 Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。 有时置于句首的过去分词可能已转化为形容词，为句子的表语。如： Seated on the grass are some students singing and laughing. 一些学生坐在草地上，唱着、笑着。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 他们能够对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。 非谓语动词置于句首的倒装在我们日常的英语学习中也经常见到，它表示强调作用，而且，读起来朗朗上口，是我们英语写作中运用的高频语法知识。 

语气 虚拟语

1)完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。 例如：The teacher came in and the class began.（没有倒装）         In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。） 2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seem to be,stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。 例如：There appeared to be a man in black

常用部分倒装。如： 　　So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。 　　So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。 　　So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。 　　以so开头的句子还有这样一种倒装——表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，这类倒装的基本结构是“so+助动词+主语”。如： 　　You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。 　　She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 　　If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。 　　4. not only型倒装 　　当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通倒装 　　在正式文体中，如果将never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后的句子要用部分倒装常用部分倒装形式。如： 　　Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。 　　Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。

中有一个叫布朗的人。 On the top of the hill stands an old temple. 这山顶上有一座庙。 From the valley came a frightening sound with some cries. North of the city lies/is a new airport. 1.2分词作表语 ·过去分词(有时构成被动结构的过去分词)提前到句首，引起倒装 ·构成进行时态的现在分词也可以提到前面来----张道真(正常语序看是进行时态) Helping them raise their artistic level are various professorial organizations. Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students. Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920's was one of the greatest periods in blues music. (toefl原句)【coinciding with…显然不是动名词而是现在分词倒装】 ·现在分词提前到句首引起倒装要和动名词作主语区别开来 ·下面例句是动名词作主语：Teaching English is my job. / Visiting the Great wall is worthwhile. 1.3形容词短语放句首 Present at the meeting is our English teacher. (Present出席的，在场的) Gone are the days when we had a good time at the mountain village. (Gone 离去的) 2.为了保持句子平衡或上下文的连接更紧密，也可以采用倒装。 They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. ·主语有语法中的倒装句，倒装句分为两大类，完全倒装和部分倒装，下面是详细的介绍，供大家参考。 一.完全倒装 1.表语过多修饰语亦可采用完全倒装 Noteworthy is the factthat he has talent for music. 二.部分倒装 1.一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, often等)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。 Often did we go for walks together. Many a time have I told him about it. 2.用于“no sooner…than…, hardly…when…和not until等结构中” No sooner had he arrived than someone called him.他一到就有人给他打电话 3.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句(把were, had, should放在主语前构成倒装) Were I you ( = If I were you ), I would not accept his present. Had you ( = If you had ) studied hard, you might have passed the exam this time. 4. 用于“形容词/名词/动词+as (though)”引导的让步状语从句，例如： ·形容词：Pretty as she is(=As pretty as she is=though she is pretty), she is not clever at all. ·动词：Try as he could, he might fail again. ·名词：Child as he was, he had to sell newspapers in the streets. 5. 否定副词(never, not…, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, scarcely, rarely, no longer, barely, little) Barely did he have time to catch the bus. Never have I been to Beijing. 6. So / Such 引导的倒装句 So kind is she that she deserves all my respect.(全倒装) So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him. 7. Only在句首强调状语Only when the meeting is over can we know the decision.

句首作状语

倒装句之部分倒装   　 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语倒装。 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 　　 I have never seen such a performance. 　　 The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题　　 1)　Why can't I smoke here? 　　At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted　　B.

在现实的语言实践中，由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修辞的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前。我们称这种语序的变化为"倒装语序"。这样的倒装语序可能使句子的内在含义产生细微的、甚至明显的改变。 以下是小编为大家精心整理的关于“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装，让我们一起来看看运用倒装句产生的内在含义的改变。 一、“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装，副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装： 1. So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。 2. So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。 3. So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。 二、“so+助动词+主语”倒装： 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构： 1. You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。 2. She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 3. If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。 三、(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor： You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。 She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。 (2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别： "It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。” "Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。” 四、so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。 To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进语言实践中，由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修辞的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句行得那么长，以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分，其语气较自然语序强烈，因而具有极佳的修辞效果。只有注意观察引起倒装的原因，才能更准确地理解句子的含义。为了使句子的某成分突出，我们还会使用强调，而倒装语序大多都用于强调。 

句型，这些句型会对考生在做雅思阅读的过程中造成一定的理解误差，其中倒装句深入的了解雅思阅读。 1.Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South. 结构 全句有2个谓语动词：came，could be。其中主句的是：came。按照正常语序句子主干应该是：The “white only” notices … came down. Notices后面的介词短语，作为后置定语修饰notices。介词短语后面还有一个that引导的定语从句修饰notices。为了避免主语部分过于冗长，因而将主谓倒装。 2.由否定词(not/never/little/no sooner/not until/hardly/rarely/scarcely/seldom/nowhere)开头的句子引起部分倒装. Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task