过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作， 即"过去的过去需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office. 专项练习题： 汉译英 1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？ 2.到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。 3.十点钟前，我们到达了车站。 4.在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。 5.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。 6.昨天找看见李平了。自从我们离开北京，就一直没有见面。 7.我昨天没有给魏华那本书，因为她已经为

完了。 4. There are a lot of things I should have liked to ask you. 有好些事我本想问你的。 5. He knew by the time he arrived she would have finished her lunch. 他知道他到时她过去将来完成时的定义是：在过去的一段时间看将来某段时间已经完成的动作或者一种状态，它的基本结构是由“would+have+过去分词”构成已经吃完午餐了。 6. Well, well! Who would have guessed it! 真是的! 这谁会想到呀! 7. I thought he would have paid this bill for you. 我想他已经为你付账单了。 8. I thought you would have called the police by now. 我想你现在一定报警了。 9. There are a lot of things I should have done before 8 o’clock. 有好些事我本应该在八点之前完成的。

用到这个时态的时候，在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时态而不是将来完成时态。 1)句子中所涉及到的动作本身就是连续性的 By the end of the autumn she will have been living here for twelve years。 到了秋末她在这里居住/工作/学习就满十二年了。 2) 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作： By the end of this month he will have been training students for chemical experiences for twenty years． 到了这个月底他训练学生做实验就满20年了。 但是如果提到所训练的学生或者已经做过实验的次数的话，或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作，就必须用将来完成时： By the end of the month he will have trained 600students for 790 different chemical experiences. 到本月底，他就已经带领600个学生做过790个不同的化学实验了。 二、连用用法 经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。结构构成是：will / be going to do sth.这样的机构有2种意思表示。如下 1. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。 2. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 将来完成时的构成 将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will + have +过去分词组成。 Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就会全然忘记这将来完成进行时态而不是将来完成时件事的。 He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates. 他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。 Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month? 到下个月你认识kevin应该有十年了吧？

过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成

过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 典型例题 (1) ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去此前一句应用过去进行时。 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就…… had no sooner… than 刚…… 就…… He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.  

过去完成进行时作过。 He had worked before he decided to go to college. 3.我写这篇有关爱尔兰的小说以前，曾去过爱尔兰。 I had been to Ireland before I wrote this book about Ireland's people. 4.我在上大学以前，已经学过微积分。 I had studied calculus before I got into college. 5. 周一以前，已经下过雪了。 It had already snowed before Monday. 三、如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性，我们可以用过去完成进行式。过去完成进行时和过去完成时惟一不同的地方是 had done 的地方一定要用had been doing 。以下是一些过去完成进行式的例子： 1. I had been watching TV before you called me. 2. I had been

过去完成时。 The said the production costs had been reduced. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. （3）根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时 （1）常用过去完成时的几种情况： ①by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. He did what he had been told to 另：当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 When he arrived, he called her. They locked the door before they left.

还有其情态动词用法的一面。具有情态意义，比较表示推测或猜想等。请看接下来的例子。 Only somebody with a small mind would have refused to help others. 只有心胸狭窄的人才不肯帮助别人。（这里的would表示推测意义） Few men would have bared their soul to a woman as he had. 很少有男人能像他一样对一个女人敞开心扉。（这里表示怀疑的意思） I’m surprised you didn’t like the book. I would have thought it was just your piece of cake. 你居然不喜欢这本书，我本来还认为这正符合你的口味呢。（表示过去的想法） My sister would have driven me to downtown to go shopping, but we decided it would be faster and more convenient by train. 姐姐原本要开车送我去市中心购物，可我们后来还是觉得坐火车要更快捷和方便（表示过去的想法） The scar added interest and mystery to her face that otherwise would have appeared too numb and plain. 这个伤疤为本来就平淡无奇且麻木的脸上增添了一丝神秘和生趣。（表示未曾发生的情况） What interesting job have you found?” her mother asked him; she knew he would have been thinking about it. 你找到什么有趣的工作啦?”他的妈妈问道。她知道他一定会一直考虑这完成式除用于构成过去将来完成时件事的。 过去将来完成进行时态虽然不常用，但是与其他的时态有着这样那样的交集，在理解文章意思的时候很容易产生理解偏差，所以更多的还是要童鞋们课后自己慢慢复习咀嚼和消化咯。 

将来完成时的结构：主语+shall(第一人称)will(第二、三人称)+have+过去分词(done)。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成

能与表示确定的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时要求用for和。i。引导包括现在此时在内的时间状语以及already, yet, ever等表示强调的副词。一般过去时态要求用yesterday, last year, in 1990, an hour ago等不包括现在在内的具体的过去时间状语。但有时for+一时间段”也可用于一般过去时，虽然时问状语相同，但具体含义不同。 We have studied English for 5 years. 我已学习5年英语了。(直到现在的5年) We studied English for 5 years. 我曾学过5年英语。(与现在无关的5年) 2) today, this month, this year, recently, just, always等既可用于现在完成时，t可用于一般过去时，但其